攻克托福听力讲座的主旨题

托福听力讲座的主旨题是每篇文章的必考题型，总是出现在第一题，一直以来都是广大考生的软肋，如果做不好，必定对解答后面的题产生负面的影响。其实解答主旨题并不难，因为每篇文章的主旨一般在开头都会有所交代，所以听好开头是解题关键。而开头一般分为三类：

1. 文章一开始就直接提出主旨。

如TPO6的LECTURE 4的开头，原文说“We're really just now beginning to understand how quickly drastic climate change can take place. We can see past occurrences of climate change that took place over just a fewhundred years. Take uh… the Sahara Desert in Northern Africa. The Sahara was really different 6,000 years ago. I mean, youwouldn't call it a tropical paradise or anything, uh…or maybe you would if you think about how today in some parts of the Sahara it…it only rains about once a century. Um… but basically, you had granary and you had water. And what I find particularly interesting and amazing really, what really indicates how un desert-like the Sahara was thousands of years ago, was something painted on the rock, prehistoric art, hippopotamuses, 'cos you know hippos need a lot of water and hence? Hence what?...”

题目是这样的：

what is the lecture mainly about？

A. an example of rapid climate change

B. a comparison of two mechanisms of climate change

C. the weather conditions in the present-day Sahara

D. recent geological findings made in the Sahara

答案是A，因为文章一开始就提到了气候的快速变化，然后后面的文章以the Sahara Desert作为例子解释这个问题。

2. 文章一开始复习上一节课的内容，讲着讲着就听到了but, because, so等信号词，这些词后面的内容就是主旨。而上节课讲的内容通常不是主旨。

如TPO8的LECTURE 1的开头，原文说“Well, last time we talked about passive habitat selection, like plants for example, they don't make active choices about where to grow. They are dispersed by some other agent, like the wind. And if the seeds land in a suitable habitat, they do well and reproduce. With active habitat's selection, an organism is able to physically select where to live and breed. And because the animal breeding habitat is so important, we expect animal species to develop preferences for particular types of habitats. Places where their offspring have the best chance for survival. So let's look at the effect the preference can have by looking at some examples.”

题目是这样的：

What is the main purpose of the lecture?

A. To compare active habitat selection with passive habitat selection

B. To show that most habitat preferences in animals are learned

C. To compare the habitat requirements of several bird species

D. To examine the consequences of habitat selection by animals

答案是D，因为文章中说要研究一下动物选择喜欢的栖息地的后果。

3. 文章一开始提出一个名称，这个名称后面还跟着解释，这篇文章的主旨应该跟这个名称有关系，但要记住包含这个名称的选项不一定是对的。

如TPO7的LECTURE 1的开头，原文说“The 19 century was the time that thought what we called: Realism developing in European in theater. Um.. to understand this though, we first need to look at the early form of drama known as the Well-Made Play, which basically was a pattern for constructing plays, plays that the beginning with some early 19 century's comedies in France proved very successful commercially. The dramatic devises use here word actually anything new, they have been around for centuries. But the formula for Well-Made Play required certain elements being included, in a particular order, and most importantly, that everything in the plays be logically connected. ”

题目是这样的：

6. what is the lecture mainly about?

A. The importance of creating believable characters in plays

B. The influence of the literature of "realism" on French theater

C. A successful standard formula for writing plays

D. A famous example of a well-made play

答案是C，因为文章中说的是Well-Made Play的格式。虽然文章的后面也提到了一个例子，但例子不是主旨。所以含有Well-Made Play的选项不一定是对的。

可见，集中精力听好开头部分，并且适当做好笔记，是解答主旨题的关键。同时，了解了文章主旨，也对解答后面的细节题，态度题等等题型有很大的帮助。

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