否定也要有技巧

英文里有各种不同的否定说法。是的你可能想说就加个not不就好了？但是单纯一个not是显不出真本事的！英文功底好的你是该会副词，量词和前缀（adverbs,quantifiers and prefixes）来各种否定的。所以我们今天看一看有什么上课学了（过目就忘）的否定方式！

1.NOT + 量词／形容词 (QUANTIFIERSAND ADJECTIVES)

a. 我们常将not放置在肯定意义的量词前来否定(e.g.much, many, a lot of)

-Not many peoplewant to be waiters – it’s a lot of shift work and not much money.

b. 也可以not+ (adverb)+adjectives来否定

-I found the hike not(too) difficult but not (particularly) easy either.

注意：讲not放置形容词前的确削弱形容词的意义，但不代表就是该形容词的反义。比如not difficult和easy程度大有不同，尤其当你在not后又加了一个像too 或 particularly的副词。                              

c. 还能用not+否定前缀anegative prefix                              

-Spanish has a tense system not dissimilar to that of English.

(not dissimilar to = abit similar to有点相似)                        

2.NO的用法

a. First thing，先警告一下：no不能直接加verb。

Wrong：I have no been here before.

Correct:  I have not been here before.

b. not …+ any + noun =缺少，缺失

-I tend not toobtain any academic help from my family.

no + noun = not… any/not… a/an: 前者语气强调，后者中立

比较一下：

-I tend to obtain noacademic help from my family.

-I tend not toobtain any academic help from my family.

第一句明显很坚决地说：我绝不想从家人那获取学业帮助。

-There isn’t anyreason to change policy at this stage.

-There’s no reasonto change policy at this stage. (语气更强)

c. no + different/good /比较级comparatives:

-Low-impact aerobics is basically no different from (= very similar to) the normal type, but it’skinder on the legs and feet.

-Domestic shipping is at times no faster (= isn’t (any) faster than) than international one.

- This cafe is no moreexpensive than (the same prices) the one down the road.                                      

3.其余NO/NOT 表达法

a.      never,neither … nor, none, not only, not… for(如果不是…的原因，常用于虚拟语气),  no sooner … than.

-The English village is neitheras pleasant nor as unchanging as itis believed to be.

-My gardening results would have lasted longer if it hadn’t been for the harsh winterthis year.

b.      英语里基本不用双重否定来表示否定，但可以用来表示肯定                                      

Wrong: Sorry, but I don’t know nothing about that!

right: Sorry, but I don’tknow anything about that! /I know nothing about that!

- I don’t know nothing about Canadian history  (重读nothing,表示我对加拿大历史略知一二)                              

c. not only可放置句子开头表示强调，但是要倒装

-Not only did theymonitor the road activities, they alsorecorded all the relevant dates and times. (not only 分句倒装时用疑问句语序)

4.否定迁移

a.用 think, supposeand believe 等词介绍一个概念时，not放置这些介绍词前

-I don’t think thelater train will be cancelled.

b.若是not放置从属动词前，表强调

-I thought that you didn’t smoke! When did you start?

注意hope和not的用法：                                                  

Wrong: We don’t hope that the reunion will be too painful foryou.

Right: We hope thatthe reunion won’t be too painful foryou.

-He doesn’t appear tobe interested./ He appears not to beinterested.

记在你的grammar/vocab notebook里--不能再过目忘了！

（部分例子摘录）

Calla Zhang

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